Mi cuba linda celia cruz biography

Cuban singer (1925–2003)

In this Land name, the first or paternal surname is Cruz and the second-best or maternal family name review Alfonso.

Celia Caridad Cruz Alfonso^[a] (21 October 1925 – 16 July 2003), known as Celia Cruz, was a Cuban soloist and one of the height popular Latin artists of depiction 20th century.

Cruz rose disdain fame in Cuba during blue blood the gentry 1950s as a singer objection guarachas, earning the nickname "La Guarachera de Cuba". In birth following decades, she became customary internationally as the "Queen exempt Salsa" due to her tolerance to Latin music.^[4][5][6] She difficult sold over 10 million papers, making her one of depiction best-selling Latin music artists.^[7]

The maestro began her career in see home country Cuba, earning do as a vocalist of say publicly popular musical group Sonora Matancera, a musical association that lasted 15 years (1950–1965).

Cruz down a wide variety of Afro-Cuban music styles including guaracha, tango, afro, son and bolero, video numerous singles in these styles for Seeco Records. In 1960, after the Cuban Revolution caused the nationalization of the sound industry, Cruz left her undomesticated country, becoming one of magnanimity symbols and spokespersons of significance Cuban community in exile.^[8] Cruz continued her career, first clear up Mexico, and then in ethics United States, the country become absent-minded she took as her determining residence.

In the 1960s, she collaborated with Tito Puente, disc her signature tune "Bemba colorá". In the 1970s, she simple for Fania Records and became strongly associated with the salsa genre, releasing hits such since "Quimbara". She often appeared be extant with Fania All-Stars and collaborated with Johnny Pacheco and Willie Colón. During the last eld of her career, Cruz extended to release successful songs specified as "La vida es examine carnaval" and "La negra tiene tumbao".^[9]

Her musical legacy is feeling up of a total nigh on 37 studio albums, as exceptional as numerous live albums extort collaborations.

Throughout her career, she was awarded numerous prizes flourishing distinctions, including two Grammy Glory and three Latin Grammy Credit. In addition to her copious career in music, Cruz besides made several appearances as bully actress in movies and telenovelas. Her catchphrase "¡Azúcar!" ("Sugar!") has become one of the cover recognizable symbols of salsa harmony.

Early life

Celia Caridad Cruz Alfonso was born on 21 Oct 1925, at 47 Serrano Way in the Santos Suárez section of Havana, Cuba.^[10][3][11] Her clergyman, Simón Cruz, was a tack stoker, and her mother, Catalina Alfonso Ramos, a housewife staff Haitian descent who took distress signal of an extended family.^[3] Celia was one of the first among fourteen children living comport yourself the house, including cousins added her three siblings, Dolores, Gladys, and Bárbaro,^[12][13] and she castoff to sing cradle songs be put them to sleep.^[11] According to her mother, she began singing as a child habit 9 or 10 months receive age, often in the centrality of the night.^[11][14] She additionally sang in school during goodness Fridays' actos cívicos and bring into being her neighborhood ensemble, Botón pack oro.^[11]

While growing up in Cuba's diverse 1930s musical climate, Cruz listened to many musicians who influenced her adult career, counting Fernando Collazo, Abelardo Barroso, Pablo Quevedo, Antonio Arcaño and Arsenio Rodríguez.^[6] Despite her father's opponent and the fact that she was Catholic, as a son Cruz learned Santería songs go over the top with her neighbor who practiced Santería.^[15] Cruz also studied the language to Yoruba songs with fluency Merceditas Valdés (an akpwon, a-one Santería singer) from Cuba take precedence later made various recordings look up to this religious genre, even telling backup for other akpwons aim Candita Batista.

As a young person, her aunt took her duct her cousin to cabarets revoke sing, but her father pleased her to attend school explain the hope she would step a teacher. After high kindergarten, she attended the Normal Academy for Teachers in Havana pick up again the intent of becoming top-notch literature teacher.^[16] At the offend being a singer was scream viewed as an entirely good career.

However, one of move backward teachers told her that, primate an entertainer, she could gain in one day what near Cuban teachers earned in keen month. From 1947, Cruz afflicted music theory, voice, and pianoforte at Havana's National Conservatory castigate Music.^[17]

One day, her cousin took her to Havana's radio cause to be in Radio García-Serra, where she became a contestant in the "Hora del té" amateur radio curriculum.

It was her first put on ice using a microphone and she sang the tango "Nostalgia" (as a tribute to Paulina Álvarez^[6]), winning a cake as character first prize for her performance.^[11] On other occasions she won silver chains, as well kind opportunities to participate in make more complicated contests.^[18] She also sang send back other amateur radio programs much as La suprema corte show arte, broadcast by CMQ, again winning first prize.

The lone exception was when she competed against Vilma Valle, having around split their earnings: 25 prize each.^[11]

In 2004, the Miami Herald revealed from partially declassified Respected State Department papers that Cruz had been linked to Cuba's pre-Revolution communist party, the Approved Socialist Party (PSP), as ill-timed as the 1940s.^[19] The give up, promoted as an "exclusive", was written by Miami Herald correspondent Carol Rosenberg from Freedom spick and span Information Act requests.

It required several revelations. Among them, justness US Embassy in Havana denied Cruz a US visa remove 1952 and 1955 because own up suspected communist affiliations. The argument also states that Cruz difficult joined the youth wing be snapped up the PSP at age 20 and had used a accord to arrange a secret conference with communists in South Earth on behalf of its so general secretary, Blas Roca Calderío, who has also founded birth party in 1925.

Cruz difficult to understand also signed a public note in support of one deduction the Party's front groups, influence Pro-Peace Congress. The article states that Cruz's surviving husband, Pedro Knight, was asked about that, and is quoted he knew nothing about it. "She not in any degree told me about that. She never talked about politics," integrity article quotes Knight.^[20]

Career

First recordings

Isolina Carrillo was one of the chief people to recognize Cruz's velvetiness to sing Afro-Cuban music come to rest asked her to join time out Conjunto Siboney, where Olga Guillot also sang.^[21] She later married Orquesta de Ernesto Duarte, Gloria Matancera, Sonora Caracas and Orquesta Anacaona.

From 1947, she begun to sing in Havana's almost popular cabarets: Tropicana, Sans Souci, Bamboo, Topeka, etc.^[11] In 1948, Roderico Rodney Neyra founded loftiness group of dancers and vocalists burden Las Mulatas de Fuego (The Fiery Mulattas).^[22][23][24] Cruz was chartered with this group as splendid singer, reaching great success suggest making presentations in Mexico suffer Venezuela, where she made unite first recordings.

Shortly thereafter, Cruz began to sing on euphonious programs at Radio Cadena Suaritos, along with a group delay performed Santería music under decency direction of Obdulio Morales. Explore this group, known as Coro Yoruba y Tambores Batá, she made several recordings that were later released by Panart.

Sonora Matancera

Cruz's big break came hassle 1950 when Myrta Silva, authority singer with Cuba's Sonora Matancera, returned to her native Puerto Rico.

Since they were handset need of a new crooner, the band decided to bring forth the young Celia Cruz on the rocks chance. She auditioned in June, and at the end portend July she was asked delve into join as lead singer,^[25] lecture thus became the group's eminent black frontwoman.^[26] In her foremost rehearsal with Sonora Matancera, Cruz met her future husband Pedro Knight, who was the band's second trumpeter.

Cruz debuted skilled the group on 3 Respected 1950. Initially, Cruz was battle-cry received with enthusiasm by glory public, but Rogelio Martínez esoteric faith in her. On 15 December 1950, Cruz recorded dip first songs with the faction, which were a resounding premium. Her "musical marriage" with class Sonora Matancera lasted fifteen grow older.

In total Celia recorded 188 songs with the Matancera, counting hits such as "Cao cao maní picao", "Mata siguaraya", "Burundanga" and "El yerbero moderno". She won her first gold epidemic for "Burundanga", making her important trip to the United States in 1957 to receive righteousness award and to perform take care of St. Nicholas Arena, New York.^[11] During her 15 years engage Sonora Matancera, she appeared bring into being cameos in some Mexican big screen such as Rincón criollo (1950), Una gallega en La Habana (1955) and Amorcito corazón (1961), toured all over Latin U.s.

and became a regular surprise victory the Tropicana.

Exile and Tico recordings

Cruz was touring in Mexico when Fidel Castro seized overwhelm at the conclusion of significance Cuban Revolution. She returned utility Cuba to find her hometown of Havana in turmoil settle down mostly shut down.^[27] Cruz was publicly critical of Castro, a-ok stance that she knew would endanger her career and peradventure her freedom, since other critics of the regime were commonly arrested.

She also needed income to pay for her in poor health mother's medical expenses, and just as she was offered a entrust to perform for a cowed months at La Terraza Disco in Mexico City, she conventional. Cruz left Cuba on 15 July 1960, not knowing stray she would likely never reimburse to her home country.^[28]

Just sole week after arriving in Mexico, Cruz received the news bring into play the death of her father confessor, Simón Cruz.

In 1961, Cruz and Sonora Matancera left Mexico for an engagement in righteousness United States. During this console, Cruz began performing solo outdoors the group, performing at fine recital at the Hollywood Metal in Los Angeles.

In 1962, before the refusal of decency Cuban government to allow collect to return to Cuba, Cruz acquired a house in Steeple Lee, New Jersey.

Although she tried to return to Land to see her sick argot, who was struggling with fatal bladder cancer, the Cuban state denied her request to return.^[29] On 7 April 1962, she received the news of prestige death of her mother Catalina Alfonso. That same year, added 14 July, Cruz was united in civil ceremony with Pedro Knight after a romance exercise several years.

Cruz and Sonora Matancera made their first cord outside of the Americas, calling Europe and Japan, where they performed with Tito Puente. Show 1965, Cruz would culminate tidy vertiginous fifteen years with leadership Sonora Matancera. Cruz began copperplate solo career and her deposit Pedro Knight decided to remove from his position at Sonora Matancera to become her representative, organizer and personal director.

During that time, Cruz became an English citizen.

In 1966, Cruz was contacted by Tito Puente get on the right side of perform with his orchestra. Their first collaborative album, Son trickery guaguancó featured a recording curst José Claro Fumero's guaracha "Bemba colorá", which became one be incumbent on Cruz's signature songs.^[26] Cruz extract Puente went on to aid on another four albums jampacked.

She also recorded albums delete other musical directors such primate Memo Salamanca, Juan Bruno Tarraza and Lino Frías for Tico Records. In 1974, Fania Documents, the leading salsa record id, acquired Tico and signed Cruz to the imprint Vaya Registry, where she remained until 1992.

The Fania years

Cruz's association run into the Fania label had in motion in 1973, when she canned the lead vocals of "Gracia divina", a song by Larry Harlow which was part handle his "Latin opera" Hommy.

She then joined the Fania All-Stars, a salsa supergroup featuring authority most popular performers of representation Fania roster. With them, Cruz first sang "Bemba colorá" don "Diosa del ritmo" in San Juan, Puerto Rico in 1973. She later travelled with significance group to Kinshasa, Zaire, entertain 1974 and returned to San Juan in 1975 for regarding concert.

These live recordings were commercially released years later. Permutation performance in Zaire, as imprison of The Rumble in nobleness Jungle event, was included wrench the film Soul Power.^[30]

Cruz record her first studio album collect Fania in 1974 in collaborationism with Johnny Pacheco, the label's founder and musical director.

Honesty album, Celia & Johnny, captain its lead single, "Quimbara", were both a commercial success. Walk heavily 1976, she participated in say publicly documentary film Salsa about Italic culture, along with figures become visible Dolores del Río and Willie Colón. The following year she recorded her first LP set about Colón, a collaboration that would be repeated with great go well in 1981 and 1987.

Like that which touring with Colón, Cruz wore a flamboyant costume, which categorized various colored wigs, tight gemmed dresses, and very high heels. Her fashion style became tolerable famous that one of them was acquired by the Smithsonian institution.^[16] In the late Decade, she participated in an Air Lines commercial in Puerto Rico, singing the catchy locution ¡Esto sí es volar! (This is to truly fly!).

Cruz also used to sing honourableness identifying spot for WQBA televise station in Miami, formerly make public as "La Cubanísima": "I solidify the voice of Cuba, overexert this land, far away...I substance liberty, I am WQBA, picture most Cuban!" (Yo soy contented Cuba, la voz, desde esta tierra lejana... ¡soy libertad, soybean WQBA, Cubanísima!).

In 1982, Celia was reunited with the Sonora Matancera and recorded the publication Feliz Encuentro. That year, decency singer received the first acclamation of her career at President Square Garden in New Royalty. In 1987, Cruz performed regular concert in Santa Cruz name Tenerife. That concert was decorous by the publisher of loftiness Guinness Book of Records in the same way the largest free-entry outdoor make an effort, with an audience of 250,000 people.

In 1988, she participated in the feature film Salsa alongside Robby Draco Rosa. Coach in 1990, Cruz won her gain victory Grammy Award (Best Tropical Exemplary Performance) for her album Ritmo en el corazón, recorded suitable Ray Barretto. She was as well invited to celebrate the Sixtyfive anniversary of the Sonora Matancera in Central Park in Creative York.

The decline of Fania's brand of salsa dura get a move on favor of the emergent salsa romántica gradually brought an contribution to Celia's musical association get the Fania All Stars. Their final reunions took place convoluted Puerto Rico (1994) and Colombia (1995), both of which were released on CD.

Later years

In 1990, Cruz managed to give back to Cuba.

She was acceptable to make a presentation distrust the Guantanamo Bay Naval Pillar. When she came out imitation this presentation she took adroit few grams of Cuban stain in a bag; at turn down request, this bag would next be placed in her case when she died. In 1994, she received the National Aptitude for the Arts award stay away from the then President Bill Pol, which is the highest detection granted by the United States government to an artist.^[31] Acquiring made musical presentations in Mexican and Cuban films, in 1992 Celia participated as an participant in the American film Mambo Kings, along with Armand Assante and Antonio Banderas.

A assemblage later she made her premiere as a television actress discharge the Mexican telenovelaValentina, along fellow worker Verónica Castro for the Televisa network. In 1995, Celia energetic a guest appearance in authority American film The Perez Family, along with Alfred Molina gift Anjelica Huston.

In 1997, she starred again for Televisa knoll the Mexican telenovela El alma no tiene color, a regenerate of the classic Mexican vinyl Angelitos negros. Cruz played honesty role of a black dame who gives birth to unblended white daughter. On 25 Oct 1997, the city of San Francisco, California, officially declared put off date as "Celia Cruz Day".

In 1998, she released nobility album Mi vida es cantar, which featured one of second most successful songs, La vida es un carnaval. In 1999, she performed with Luciano Tenor for the Pavarotti and Friends concert. In 2000, Cruz floating a new album under honourableness auspices of Sony Music, Celia Cruz and Friends: A Momentary of Salsa, where she record again with Tito Puente, who died shortly after.

Thanks disdain this album, Cruz was awarded her first Latin Grammy. Prank 2001, the album Siempre viviré won her a second Italic Grammy. In that same generation, she performed with Marc Suffragist in a tribute to Aretha Franklin for VH1. In 2002, Cruz released the album, La negra tiene tumbao, where she ventured into modern variants weekend away Caribbean rhythms, influenced by festivity and hip hop.

For that record she won her bag Latin Grammy and her in a tick American Grammy.

On 16 July 2002, Cruz performed to tidy full house at the unencumbered outdoor performing arts festival Chief Park SummerStage in New Royalty City. During the performance she sang "Bemba colorá". A subsist recording of this song was subsequently made available in 2005 on a commemorative CD observance the festival's then 20-year characteristics entitled, "Central Park SummerStage: Be extant from the Heart of glory City".

Cruz appeared on dignity Dionne Warwick albums Dionne Sings Dionne and My Friends & Me with their Latin opus version of "(Do You Remember The Way To) San José".

Death

In August and September 2002, Cruz underwent surgery due be proof against breast cancer.^[32] In November range year, Cruz fell during topping concert in Mexico.

She was diagnosed with glioma, an martial form of brain cancer, captain underwent surgery in December.^[32] Dependable, Cruz said she did shout shed one tear and depart she was aiming to confine her artistic career.^[32] She ready recording her last album, Regalo del Alma. In February, she appeared in public again irate the 45th Annual Grammy Distinction to receive the award lay out Best Salsa Album.^[32] In Walk 2003, the US Hispanic netting Telemundo paid tribute to eliminate.

The event, titled ¡Celia Cruz: Azúcar!, involved figures such since Gloria Estefan, Marc Anthony, Coldness India, Gloria Gaynor and Patti LaBelle among others.^[33][34] This was her last public appearance.

On the afternoon of 16 July 2003, Cruz died at remove home in Fort Lee, Creative Jersey, at the age chastisement 77.

At her express hope for, her mortal remains were foremost transferred to Miami for four days to receive the admiration of her Cuban exile admirers at Gesu Church, before unornamented funeral Mass at St. Patrick's Cathedral and burial in integrity Woodlawn Cemetery in The Borough, New York.^{[35][36][37][38][39]} An epilogue confine her autobiography notes that, in bad taste accordance with her wishes, State soil - which she difficult saved from a visit approval Guantánamo Bay - was tatty in her entombment.^[40][41][42]

Tributes and legacy

Cruz's legacy had been honored financial assistance years before her death, plus a star on the Indecent Walk of Fame (1987), greatness asteroid name 5212 Celiacruz (1989),^[43] the Excellence Awards at primacy 1990 Lo Nuestro Awards,^[44] gleam Celia Cruz Way in City (1991).

She was also documented with a star on Street Amador Bendayán in Caracas, Venezuela, and a figure in decency Hollywood Wax Museum. Besides, Cruz received three Honoris Causa doctorates from three universities in influence United States: Yale University, Florida International University and the Installation of Miami.^[45] Cruz, along steadfast fellow Afro-Cuban musician Cachao, were inducted into the Billboard Authoritative Music Hall of Fame boast 1994.^[46] She was also inducted into the International Latin Sonata Hall of Fame in 1999.^[47] In the same year, she was presented with the ASCAP Latin Heritage Award becoming rectitude first recipient of the accolade.^[48]

Through a formidable work ethic, Cruz rose to the very gap in her genre.^[49] In Feb 2004, her last album, Regalo del Alma, she won wonderful posthumous award at the Premios Lo Nuestro for best salsa release of the year.

Knock down was announced in December 2005 that a musical called ¡Azúcar! would open in Tenerife beforehand touring the world. The designation comes from Cruz's well-known receive phrase of "¡Azúcar!" (“Sugar!”).

In 2003, a music school was opened in the Bronx, denominated the Celia Cruz Bronx Towering School of Music.

Pedro In the saddle visited this school before coronate death to meet the group of pupils and share stories about grouping life. On June 4, 2004, the heavily Cuban-American community forged Union City, New Jersey heralded its annual Cuban Day Give oneself airs about by dedicating its new Celia Cruz Park (also known significance Celia Cruz Plaza), which quality a sidewalk star in penetrate honor, at 31st Street celebrated Bergenline Avenue, with Cruz's widowman, Pedro Knight, present.

There commerce four other similar dedications lecture to Cruz around the world.^[50] Cruz's star has expanded into Unity City's "Walk of Fame",^[51] style new marble stars are broaden each spring to honor Greek entertainment and media personalities, specified as merengue singer Joseíto Mateo, salsa singer La India, Cachao, Cuban tenorBeny Moré,^[52]Tito Puente, Romance language television news anchor Rafael Pineda, salsa pioneer Johnny Pacheco,^[53] singer/bandleader Gilberto Santa Rosa extort music promoter Ralph Mercado.^[54]

On 18 May 2005, the National Museum of American History, administered unwelcoming the Smithsonian Institution and aeon in Washington, D.C., opened "¡Azúcar!", an exhibit celebrating the selfpossessed and music of Celia Cruz.

The exhibit highlights important moments in Cruz's life and existence through photographs, personal documents, costumes, videos, and music. Her memoir Celia: Mi vida was very published in 2005, based backwards more than 500 hours sign over interviews with the Mexican newspaperman Ana Cristina Reymundo.

The newspaperman and TV presenter Cristina Saralegui planned to take the composition of her life to illustriousness cinema and the American performer Whoopi Goldberg, admirer of leadership singer, expressed her interest response representing her, but the operation was cancelled.^[55] From 26 Sept 2007 to 25 May 2008, Celia, a musical based aspiring leader the life of Celia Cruz, played at the Off-Broadway process New World Stages.

The pretend won four 2008 HOLA Credit from the Hispanic Organization pattern Latin Actors.^[56]

On 16 March 2011, Celia Cruz was honored induce the United States Postal Spasm with a commemorative postage stamp.^[57] The Cruz stamp was memory of a group of fivesome stamps honoring Latin music greats, also including Selena, Tito Puente, Carmen Miranda, and Carlos Gardel.

The Smithsonian's National Museum work out American History collaborated with artist Robert Weingarten to create mar object-based portrait of Celia Cruz featuring artifacts in the museum. The portrait was unveiled sovereign state 3 October 2012.^[58]

On 21 Oct 2013, Google honored her allow a Google Doodle.^[59]Jennifer Lopez forward Cruz with her presentation combination the 41st American Music Commendation ceremony.^[60] The singers Yuri, The sniffles India, Maluma and Aymée Nuviola did the same at illustriousness Latin American Music Awards.

Very in 2013, Cruz was inducted into the New Jersey Engross Fame.^[59] In October 2015, Telemundo premiered an 80-episode docu-drama homespun on Cruz's life, Celia.^[61]

In 2015, the television networks RCN Televisión and Telemundo produced the Small screen series Celia based on excellence life of Crus.

Cruz was played by the actresses Jeimy Osorio and Aymée Nuviola obtain counted on the voice model Patty Padilla.^[61] In 2019, Angélique Kidjo released a tribute photo album to Cruz, entitled Celia, counting songs spanning all of Cruz's career reinvented with an Afrobeat feel. It features Tony Comedienne (musician), Meshell Ndegeocello and blue blood the gentry Gangbé Brass Band.^[62]

In 2018, neat monument to Cruz was reveal in the Cuban Heritage Restricted area in Hialeah, Florida.^[63][64] Also blot 2018, the Celia Cruz Big money launched a brand inspired surpass Cruz which featured merchandise exciting and about Cruz.^[65]

In 2019, Chilean-American poet Marjorie Agosin created top-hole chamber music theatre performance blue-blooded "Las Magníficas" (The Magnificent Ones), based on the life make merry Celia Cruz and Chilean singer-songwriter Violeta Parra.^[66][67]

On 2 June 2021, New York City honored Celia Cruz by co-naming the nexus of Reservoir Avenue and Condition 195th Street in the Kingsbridge Heights section of The Borough, near the high school stroll is the named in disallow honor, "Celia Cruz Way".^[68][69]Los Angeles has also named the articulation of Hollywood Boulevard and Argyll Avenue after her.^{[citation needed]}

In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Cruz look after No.

18 on their line of the 200 Greatest Choir of All Time.^[70] In Feb 2023, Cruz was selected similarly an honoree in the 2024 American Women quarter program, manufacturing her the first Afro-Latina put in plain words appear on a U.S quarter.^[71][72]

Discography

Cruz recorded with Seeco Records broadcast 1965 and with Tico Record office from 1966 through 1972.

Late, she recorded with Vaya Chronicles and with its parent set, Fania Records.

Filmography

• Salón México (Mexico, 1950)
• Una gallega en La Habana (Mexico, 1952)
• ¡Olé...

  Cuba! (Mexico/Cuba, 1957)

• Affair in Havana (USA/Cuba, 1957)
• Amorcito Corazón (Mexico, 1960)
• Salsa (Documentary, 1976)
• Salsa (USA, 1988)
• "Fires Within" (USA, 1991)
• The Mambo Kings (USA, 1992)
• Valentina (TV) (Mexico, 1993)
• The Perez Family (USA, 1995) Luz Pat
• El alma no tiene color (TV) (Mexico, 1997)
• ¡Celia Cruz: Azúcar! (TV) (Tribute, USA, 2003)
• Soul Power (Documentary of Kinshasa, Zaire Music Commemoration 1974) (USA, 2008)
• CELIA, Celia Cruz Bio-Drama (2015 on Telemundo)

Awards

Grammy Awards

The Grammy Awards are awarded annual by the National Academy set in motion Recording Arts and Sciences get the message the United States.

Celia Cruz has received two awards reject fourteen nominations, as well rightfully a non-competitive Lifetime Achievement award.^[73]

Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award

The Grammy Lifespan Achievement Award is presented entertain those who, during their lifetimes, have made creative contributions conduct operations outstanding artistic significance to probity field of recording.

Celia Cruz won the award in 2016.

Latin Grammy Awards

A Latin Grammy Award is an accolade from one side to the ot the Latin Academy of Gramophone record Arts & Sciences to admit outstanding achievement in the harmony industry. Celia Cruz has won four awards out of figure nominations.

Cruz is also integrity recipient of the president's Municipal Medal of Arts.^[74][72]

See also

Notes alight references

Notes

References