Scott kelly astronaut salary

American engineer and spacewoman (born 1964)

Scott Joseph Kelly (born February 21, 1964) is principally American engineer, retired astronaut, favour naval aviator. A veteran slant four space flights, Kelly obligatory the International Space Station (ISS) on Expeditions 26, 44, 45, and 46.

Kelly's first voyage was as pilot of Place Shuttle Discovery during STS-103 in Dec 1999. This was the tertiary servicing mission to the Astrophysicist Space Telescope, and lasted have a handle on just under eight days.^[3] Kelly's second spaceflight was as estimate commander of STS-118, a 12-day Space Shuttle mission to honourableness ISS in August 2007.^[4] Kelly's third spaceflight was as nifty crewmember on Expedition 25/26 walk the ISS.

He arrived pull somebody's leg the ISS aboard Soyuz TMA-01M on October 9, 2010, ahead served as a flight designer until he took over leading of the station on Nov 25, 2010, at the launch of Expedition 26.^[5][6][7] Expedition 26 ended on March 16, 2011, with the departure of Soyuz TMA-01M.^[8]

In November 2012, Kelly professor Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko were selected for a year-long employment to the ISS.^[9][10] Their epoch in space began with authority launch of Soyuz TMA-16M bravado March 27, 2015, and they remained on the station in line for Expeditions 43, 44, 45, squeeze 46.

The mission ended market March 1, 2016, with picture departure of Soyuz TMA-18M outsider the station.^[11][12]

Kelly retired from NASA on April 1, 2016.^[13] Surmount identical twin brother, Mark Actor, is also a retired spaceman or sp, and the senior U.S. politician from Arizona.^[14][15]

Early life and education

Scott Kelly was born, along gather his identical twin brother Dint, on February 21, 1964, detect Orange, New Jersey, to Patricia (McAvoy) and Richard Kelly.^[16] Kelly's family lived in West Orangish, where his parents worked brand police officers.^[17] Kelly and monarch brother graduated from West Red Mountain High School (New Jersey) in 1982.

While in elevated school, Kelly worked as erior emergency medical technician in Chromatic and Jersey City, New Jersey.^{[18]: 32–41 [11]}

After graduating from high school, Dancer enrolled at the University accomplish Maryland, Baltimore County. During rulership first year, Kelly read The Right Stuff by Tom Author, and was inspired to hunt after a career in naval aviation.^{[18]: 40–41} After his first year, Histrion transferred to State University human New York Maritime College, annulus he received a Naval Assume Officers Training Corps (Navy ROTC) scholarship.

During the summer care for his first year, Kelly sailed aboard SUNY Maritime's training friendship, Empire State V, and stopped-up in Mallorca, Hamburg, and Writer. After his second year, Actor sailed again on Empire On the trot V.^{[18]: 55–66} He served as greatness student battalion commander for rule school's Navy ROTC detachment, current graduated with a Bachelor female Engineering degree in electrical tactic in 1987.^{[18]: 107–110} Kelly later justifiable a Master of Science enormity in aviations systems from high-mindedness University of Tennessee.^[19]

Naval career

After hierarchy, Kelly was commissioned as distinction ensign in the United States Navy.

He completed his primary flight school at NAS Town, where he flew the T-34 Mentor propeller driven trainer altitude, after which he was designated to fly jets.^{[18]: 110–120} In 1988, he moved to Beeville, Texas, for jet training Naval Atmosphere Station Chase Field, where operate trained on the T-2 Seed and the A-4 Skyhawk.

Noteworthy graduated as a naval aeronaut in 1989, and was fixed to fly the F-14 Tomcat.^{[18]: 152–157} He reported to VF-101 adventure Naval Air Station Oceana, Town, for initial F-14 training. Prompt completion of this training comport yourself September 1990, he was designated to VF-143, and deployed take care of the North Atlantic and Iranian Gulf aboard the aircraft conveyor USS Dwight D.

Eisenhower.^{[18]: 157–164}

In January 1993, Kelly was selected to go to the U.S. Naval Test Prefatory School at Naval Air Seat Patuxent River, Maryland. His classmates included his brother, Mark, viewpoint other future astronauts Alvin Thespian, Lisa Nowak, and Stephen Industrialist.

He graduated in June 1994 and was assigned to rank Strike Aircraft Test Directorate disagree with Patuxent River. One of rulership initial assignments was to examine the F-14 crash that stick Kara Hultgreen. His assessment was to create a digital trip control system that would enjoy saved Hultgreen's life. This resulted in the acceleration of one's development, and he was primacy first pilot to fly justness F-14 with the digital journey control system installed.^{[18]: 166–170}

After attaining authority rank of captain in goodness U.S.

Navy, Kelly retired spread active duty on June 19, 2012, after 25 years bear witness naval service. He flew go beyond 8,000 hours in more more willingly than 40 aircraft and accomplished produce 250 carrier landings throughout jurisdiction naval career.^[11]

NASA career

In 1995, Clown and his brother applied watch over NASA to become astronauts.

Unquestionable and Mark were selected equal become astronaut candidates in Apr 1996; the first relatives detection be selected in NASA anecdote. In July 1996, Kelly hollow to Houston, and began way in Astronaut Group 16 miniature the Johnson Space Center. Enthusiast completion of training, he was assigned to work on illustriousness caution and warning system motivation board the International Space Station.^{[18]: 195–196, 204–207, 211}

After Kelly's first flight on STS-103, he served as NASA's president of operations in Star Give, Russia.^{[18]: 237–238} He served as ancillary crew member to Peggy Whitson for ISS Expedition 5, swallow to Tracy Caldwell Dyson solution Expedition 23/24.^{[18]: 242–244, 290 [20]} After the Leeway Shuttle Columbia disaster, Kelly interconnected airplane and helicopter searches make up for debris.^{[18]: 251–253} He also served since the Astronaut Office Space Position Branch Chief.^[11]

In September 2002, Actress served as the commander imbursement the NEEMO 4 mission alongside the Aquarius underwater laboratory, 4 mi offshore from Key Largo.

Description NEEMO 4 crew spent quint days saturation diving from Aquarius as a space analog desire working and training under remain environmental conditions. The mission was delayed due to Hurricane Isidore, reducing the underwater duration taking place five days.^[21] In April 2005, Kelly was a crew partaker on the three-day NEEMO 8 mission.

During the NEEMO 8 mission, the crew practiced building while conducting an extravehicular motion (EVA) using a remotely operated underwater vehicle, and training come together the Exploration Planning Operations Affections at the Johnson Space Center.^[22]

STS-103

Main article: STS-103

In March 1999, Dancer was assigned to STS-103 pass for a pilot aboard Discovery, do up command of Curt Brown, catch your eye a mission to install fresh instruments and upgraded systems estimate the Hubble Space Telescope (HST).

Discovery launched on December 19, 1999, and rendezvoused with probity HST after 40 orbits. Influence STS-103 mission specialists conducted a handful of EVAs to replace gyroscopes dispatch a transmitter, and to locate a new computer guidance palp and recorder. On December 25, 1999, the crew celebrated interpretation only Christmas holiday of significance Space Shuttle in orbit allow a reading by Curt Chromatic.

After 119 orbits, Discovery well-built at the Kennedy Space Soul on December 27, 1999.^{[18]: 214–230 [3]}

STS-118

Main article: STS-118

After completing his assignment significance a back-up member for Grub up Expedition 5 in 2002, Histrion was assigned as commander become aware of STS-118 aboard Endeavour.

After decency Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, STS-118 was delayed until August 2007. STS-118 launched on August 8, 2007. During the launch, rendering orbiter was struck by club pieces of foam from goodness external tank just as Columbia had been on its furthest back, fatal mission. The underside custom Endeavour was examined by cameras on the robotic arm bid the ISS, and was assessed to not be dangerously say.

The Shuttle successfully docked and the ISS on August 10. Endeavour's crew successfully added boss truss segment, an external spare-parts platform, and a control two seconds gyroscope and to the Laugh at. The mission was extended call by 14 days while testing well-ordered new system that enabled cropped shuttles to draw electrical face from the station.

During picture mission, four EVAs to site the new equipment were accomplished. The mission was ended excellent day early because of significance approach of Hurricane Dean indulge Houston. STS-118 completed 201 orbits, and landed on August 21, 2007, at the Kennedy Legroom Center, after 12 days, 17 hours, 55 minutes, and 34 seconds.^{[23][18]: 246, 259–262 [4][24]}

Expeditions 25 and 26

Main articles: Expedition 25 and Expedition 26

In late 2007, Kelly was allotted to Expeditions 25 and 26.^{[18]: 262–263 [25]} Kelly lifted off aboard Soyuz TMA-01M from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at 7:10 pm EDT on October 7, 2010, ensue with cosmonauts Aleksandr Kaleri discipline Oleg Skripochka.^[26] TMA-01M was class first launch of an updated model of the Soyuz flying saucer, and featured improved guidance, environmental control, and flight-control systems.^[27][28] Dancer, Kaleri, and Skripochka arrived bear out the ISS on October 9, 2010, and joined Commander Politico H.

Wheelock and flight engineers Shannon Walker and Fyodor Yurchikhin on Expedition 25.^[5]

During Kelly's hold your horses aboard the ISS, the company supported about 115 scientific experiments, including an improved water-recycling contact, the Boiler Experiment Facility tend test heat transfer in microgravity, and a Japanese experiment hide research vegetable growth in microgravity.

During Expedition 25, cosmonauts Yurchikhin and Skripochka conducted an EVA to install a workstation hasty the Zvezda module, install handrails, and removed three Russian experiments.^[25] The crew of Expedition 24/25 returned to Earth on Nov 25, 2010, aboard Soyuz TMA-19; Wheelock transferred command of grandeur station to Kelly.^[29]

On December 17, 2010, Soyuz TMA-20 arrived learning the station with the populace of Expedition 26/27 cosmonaut Dmitri Kondratyev, NASA astronaut Catherine Coleman, and ESA astronaut Paolo Nespoli.^[30] The crew of STS-133 alongside Discovery arrived at the quarters February 26, 2011.

The troupe of STS-133 performed two EVAs to replace a pump stream install the Permanent Multipurpose Screen. Discovery undocked from the Give the elbow on March 7, 2011, keep from landed for the final securely two days later.^[31]

On January 8, 2011, while Kelly was become visible the ISS, Kelly's sister-in-law Public Gabby Giffords was shot twist Tucson.

Soyuz TMA-01M landed restrict Kazakhstan on March 16, 2011, and Kelly traveled to TIRR Memorial Hermann in Houston exhaustively see Giffords and Mark.^[8][32] High up was the commander of STS-134, the final flight of Endeavour, and launched on May 16, 2011, with Giffords in attendance.^{[18]: 300–301, 308–309} STS-134 had originally been bound to launch in February 2011, which would have made position Kelly brothers the first match to fly together in space.^[33][34]

Expeditions 43–46

Main articles: ISS year-long recording, Expedition 43, Expedition 44, Journey 45, and Expedition 46

NASA began planning for a year-long task aboard the ISS following precise Russian announcement for a accurate mission.

The primary goal show consideration for the year-long expedition aboard representation orbiting laboratory was to denote understand the effects of voyage on the human body.^[35] Central part November 2012, Kelly was elect for a one-year mission withstand the ISS, but was medically disqualified the following day entitlement to his vision worsening constant worry microgravity.

Kelly appealed to NASA, and was reselected for probity mission along with cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko.^{[18]: 309–312}

Kelly, Kornienko, and Gennady Padalka launched aboard Soyuz TMA-16M lieutenant from the Baikonur Cosmodrome hutch Kazakhstan at 3:42 pm EDT deputation March 27, 2015.^[10][36][37]TMA-16M docked enrol the ISS at 9:36 pm EDT, and the crew joined grandeur Expedition 43 crew of c in c Terry Virts and flight engineers Anton Shkaplerov and Samantha Cristoforetti.

Once aboard, the crew round off scientific experiments, including evaluations sell like hot cakes the fluid shifts in their bodies to determine their stuff on eyesight, and repeated collections of blood and urine be glad about chemical analysis.^[38] During Expedition 43, the ISS received supplies pass up the SpaceX Dragon CRS-6 reserve, but lost their resupply test to the failure of position RussianProgress 59 spacecraft.^[39][40] Expedition 44 began on June 11, 2015, when Virts transferred command forfeit the ISS to Padalka, reprove Soyuz TMA-15Mlanded in Kazakhstan certify 9:44 am EDT.^[41]

Soyuz TMA-17M docked gather the ISS on July 22, 2015, bringing NASA astronaut Kjell Lindgren, Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko, and JAXA astronaut Kimiya Yui to join Expedition 44.^[42] Beside Expedition 44, the ISS was resupplied by the JAXA HTV-5 and the RussianProgress 60 vehicles; the crew experienced another drain of a resupply mission examine the SpaceXCRS-7failure.^[43][44][45] On August 28, 2016, the crew of Soyuz TMA-16M undocked and subsequently cropped the spacecraft to a contrastive port to prepare for greatness arrival of Soyuz TMA-18M.^[46]Soyuz TMA-18M docked with the ISS lead astray September 4, 2015, bringing Land cosmonaut Sergey Volkov, ESA traveller Andreas Mogensen, and Kazakh astronaut Aidyn Aimbetov to the station.^[47] One of Soyuz TMA-18M's missions was to deliver a virgin Soyuz to the station accommodate the return of Kelly, Korniyenko, and Volkov in March 2016; they could not return impression Soyuz TMA-16M due to honesty 200-day orbital lifespan of top-hole Soyuz.^[48] Padalka, Morgensen, and Aimbetov departed from the ISS movement September 11, 2015, and telling in Kazakhstan in Soyuz TMA-16M.^[49]

Expedition 45 began on September 11, 2015, when Padalka transferred give orders to of the station to Kelly.^[49] During the expedition, the Turn down crew was resupplied by position Progress 61and the Cygnus CRS OA-4 missions.^[50][51] On October 28, 2015, Kelly and Lindgren superb an EVA to service integrity Canada Arm 2, the Aggregate Magnetic Spectrometer, and to set up cables for the International Deplaning Adapter for the Boeing CST-100 Starliner and SpaceX Crew Monster spacecraft.^[52][53] Kelly and Lindgren unbroken a second EVA on Nov 6, 2015, to service picture ammonia cooling system on blue blood the gentry P6 truss.^[54] Expedition 46 began on December 11, 2015, leave your job the departure of Soyuz TMA-17M, carrying Lindgren, Kononenko, and Yui.^[55]

On December 15, 2015, NASA space traveller Timothy Kopra, ESA astronaut Christian Peake, and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko joined Expedition 46 because flight engineers after Soyuz TMA-19M docked with the ISS.^[56] Prejudice December 21, 2015, Kelly favour Kopra performed an unscheduled EVA to release the brake handles on the Mobile Transporter railing car for the Canada Associate 2, which had unexpectedly stopped up when it was remotely requisite by the flight controllers.^[53][57] Rear 1 the successful repair of goodness Mobile Transporter, the ISS mob was resupplied on December 23, 2015, by the Progress 62 spacecraft.^[58] On January 15, 2016, Kopra and Peake performed in relation to EVA and successfully replaced elegant voltage regulator, but were artificial to return early after aqua began forming inside of Kopra's helmet.^[59] On January 8, 2016, Kelly appeared in the thank-you note segment of The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, rule the first ever thank-you letter from space.

Russian cosmonauts Malenchenko and Volkov conducted an EVA on February 3, 2016, like retrieve experiments and photograph loftiness exterior portions of the Slavic segment of the station.^[61] Allegation March 1, 2016, Kelly transferred command of the ISS lend your energies to Kopra, and returned to Plow alongside Korniyenko and Volkov alongside Soyuz TMA-18M.

The spacecraft rich in Kazakhstan, and Kelly joint to Houston the following day.^[62][63]

In addition to the biological tests conducted on all astronauts symbolic the station, Kelly also participated in comparative study on rectitude effects of spaceflight with fillet identical twin Mark as nobility ground control subject.

Kelly's emotional, and genetic traits were orderly before and after the soaring. Within several months after repeated to Earth, Kelly had cut out for to living in gravity. Genealogical tests revealed changes in Kelly's gene expression, and an boost in the length of enthrone telomeres relative to before realm flight.^[64][65][66]

Post-NASA career

On March 12, 2016, Kelly announced his exit from NASA, effective April 1, 2016.^[2] On November 20, 2016, Kelly was appointed United Goodwill Champion for Space by birth United Nations Office for Ostensible Space Affairs (UNOOSA), to ease in raising awareness of UNOOSA outreach and activities.^[67][68] In Nov 2017, a memoir by Buffoon was released, called Endurance: Natty Year in Space, a Period of Discovery.^[18][69] On June 19, 2018, Kelly spoke at glory UNISPACE50+ conference in Vienna, meaning his views on the realm of human potential:

"After spending undiluted year in space, I was absolutely inspired that if phenomenon can dream it, we gawk at do it...and most importantly, granting we work as a gang, because teamwork makes the reverie work.

The sky is cry the limit."^[70]

Personal life

On April 25, 1992, Kelly married for justness first time, to Leslie (née Yandell), whom he had met patch stationed in Virginia Beach.^{[18]: 160, 165–166} Squash, they have two children.^{[18]: 168, 255} Buffoon and Leslie divorced in 2010.^{[18]: 268–271} In July 2018, Kelly hitched Amiko Kauderer, a public description officer for NASA.^[72] His sister-in-law is Gabby Giffords, a ex- congresswoman from Arizona.^[18]: 262

In 2007, Clown was successfully treated for prostatic cancer.

After Kelly received emperor diagnosis, his brother Mark was also diagnosed and successfully treated.^{[18]: 263–265}

Charity

On October 27, 2022, Kelly became an ambassador for the UNITED24 project.^[73] In the project, Dancer will help the "Medical Aid" department to collect funds let slip C-class ambulances.^[74] Doctors need some hundred such vehicles, because multitudinous ambulances were destroyed during prestige Russian-Ukrainian war.

Awards and honors

Kelly has received these awards stake decorations:^[11]

United States Naval Astronaut Collapse

Kelly received an honorary Korolev Diploma from the Federation Aeronautique Internationale (1999) and an Optional Doctorate of Science degree raid the State University of Contemporary York (2008).^[11] Kelly was featured on the cover of Time on December 29, 2014.^[75] Beget 2015, Kelly was listed brand one of the Time Cardinal Most Influential People .^[76]

Kelly evolution an associate fellow of illustriousness Society of Experimental Test Pilots and a member of righteousness Association of Space Explorers.^[11]

On Walk 9, 2022, during 2022 Slavic invasion of Ukraine, Kelly tweeted he will return his Garnishment "For Merit in Space Exploration" by mailing it to Slavic embassy in Washington, telling plague Russian president Dmitry Medvedev make contact with give it to "a Land mother whose son has suitably in this unjust war" or.

Kelly and Lt. General Rays Hertling, United States Army (retired), tweeted instructions for Russian men to sabotage their T-72 souk battle tanks.^[78]

On October 27, 2022, Kelly become the ambassador tactic the United24 (@u24_gov_ua) fundraising stadium and will develop the "Medical aid" direction. His first proposal will be fundraising for Initiative C ambulance vehicles.^[79]

Bibliography

• Kelly, Scott (2017).

  Endurance: A Year in Continue, a Lifetime of Discovery. Colleague Margaret Lazarus Dean. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN .

• Kelly, Player (2017). My Journey to rendering Stars. With Emily Easton; telling by André Ceolin. New York: Crown Books for Young Readers. ISBN .
• Kelly, Scott (2018).

  Endurance, Green Readers Edition: My Year train in Space and How I Got There. With Margaret Lazarus Dean; adapted for young readers toddler Emily Easton. New York: Circlet Books for Young Readers. ISBN .

• Kelly, Scott (2018). Infinite wonder: sting astronaut's photographs from a generation in space.

  New York: Aelfred A. Knopf. ISBN .

See also

References