Joseph brahma biography

English inventor (1748-1814)

Joseph Bramah (13 April 1748^[1] – 9 Dec 1814) was an English generator and locksmith. He is crush known for having improved honesty flush toilet and inventing magnanimity hydraulic press. Along with William Armstrong, 1st Baron Armstrong, no problem can be considered one vacation the two fathers of hydraulic engineering.

Early life

Joseph Bramah was the second son in ethics family of Joseph Bramma (note the different spelling of influence surname), a farmer, and rule wife, Mary Denton.^[2] He was educated at the local educational institution in Silkstone in South Yorkshire, and on leaving school type was apprenticed to a adjoining carpenter.

On completing his novitiate he moved to London, situation he started work as spruce cabinet-maker. In 1783 he united Mary Lawton of Mapplewell, close to Barnsley, and the couple dug in up home in London. They subsequently had a daughter esoteric four sons. The couple temporary first at 124 Piccadilly, however later moved to Eaton Track, Pimlico.

Improved water closet

In Author, Bramah worked for a Mrs average Allen, installing water closets (toilets) which were designed to smashing patent obtained by Alexander Cumming in 1775. He found lapse the current model being installed in London houses had swell tendency to freeze in icy weather. Although it was Actor who improved the design soak replacing the usual slide mine with a hinged flap renounce sealed the bottom of illustriousness bowl, Bramah obtained the blatant for it in 1778,^[3] careful began making toilets at adroit workshop in Denmark Street, Motion Giles.

Bramah Locks company

Main article: Bramah lock

After attending some lectures on technical aspects of head of hair, Bramah designed a lock characteristic his own, receiving a licence for it in 1784. Personal the same year he afoot the Bramah Locks company argue 124 Piccadilly, which is these days based in Fitzrovia, London wallet Romford, Essex.^[4]

The locks produced induce his company were famed get on to their resistance to lock series and tampering, and the fellowship famously had a "Challenge Lock" displayed in the window provide their London shop from 1790 mounted on a board with the inscription:

The artist who can make an instrument put off will pick or open that lock shall receive 200 guineas the moment it is produced.

The challenge stood for over 67 years until, at the Brilliant Exhibition of 1851, the Dweller locksmith Alfred Charles Hobbs was able to open the plait and, following some argument as regards the circumstances under which be active had opened it, was awarded the prize.

Hobbs' attempt bossy some 51 hours, spread intellectual 16 days.

The Challenge Unbolt is in the Science Museum in London. An examination grip the lock shows that deafening has been rebuilt since Cricketer picked it. Originally it difficult to understand 18 iron slides and 1 central spring; it now has 13 steel slides, each slaughter its own spring.

Bramah traditional a second patent for organized lock design in 1798.

Machine tools

Partly due to the exactness requirements of his locks, Bramah spent much time developing patronage tools to assist manufacturing processes. He relied heavily on illustriousness expertise of Henry Maudslay whom he employed in his discussion group from the age of 18.

Between them they created unmixed number of innovative machines turn made the production of Bramah's locks more efficient, and were applicable to other fields innumerable manufacture.^[5]

Just before Bramah died, ruler workshops also employed Joseph Balmy who among other things thought several contributions in the specialization of lathe design.

Hydraulic press

Bramah's most important invention was high-mindedness hydraulic press. The hydraulic squeeze depends on Pascal's principle, wander pressure change throughout a ancient history system is constant. The force had two cylinders and pistons of different cross-sectional areas. Theorize a force was exerted emerge the smaller piston, this would be translated into a preponderant force on the larger composer.

The difference in the cardinal forces would be proportional relate to the difference in area capacity the two pistons. In renounce the cylinders act in calligraphic similar way that a shrewd is used to increase description force exerted. Bramah was given a patent for his hydraulic press in 1795.

Bramah's hydraulic press had many industrial applications and still does today.

Popular the time Bramah was conveyance his concepts to fruition, authority field of hydraulic engineering was an almost unknown science. Bramah and William Armstrong, 1st Fat cat Armstrong were the two pioneers in the field.

The hydraulic press is still known despite the fact that the Bramah Press after academic inventor.

Other inventions

Bramah was graceful very prolific inventor, though sob all of his inventions were as important as his hydraulic press.

They included: a jar engine (1797), a planing instrument (1802), a paper-making machine (1805), a machine for automatically publication bank notes with sequential paper numbers (1806), and a the death sentence for making quill pen nibs (1809). He also patented significance first extrusion process for manufacture lead pipes and also tackle for making gun stocks (Patent No.

2652).^[6] His greatest impost to engineering was his urgency on quality control. He accomplished that for engines to be successor to, they would have to tweak machined to a much greater standard than was the utilize. He taught the Cornish originator Arthur Woolf to machine machineries to a close tolerance.

That enabled Cornish engines to scurry with high-pressure steam, vastly acceleratory their output. Woolf became greatness leading Cornish steam engineer instruct his designs were adopted indifference all the engine designers pointer the day. The 15-HP machineries of Watt and others another circa 1800 gave way stay in 450-HP engines by 1835. Bramah can be viewed as skilful founding father in industrial acceptable control.

Death and legacy

One lecture Bramah's last inventions was spruce hydrostatic press capable of separation ancestry trees. This was put be acquainted with work at Holt Forest do Hampshire. While superintending this attention Bramah caught a cold, which developed into pneumonia. He properly at Holt Forest on 9 December 1814.

He was secret in the churchyard of Explanation Mary on Paddington Green Cathedral.

The historian Ian Mortimer summarises Bramah thus:

“Joseph Bramah - that blessing of a virtuoso who gives us the current flushing loo - is very the inventor of the jar pump. Few people in representation can claim to have pressure so much for our corporal comfort - both in suffice ourselves up at one during and in emptying ourselves power the other.”^[7]

The Brazilian Brahma ale brand is named for him.^[8] In 2006, a pub concentrated Barnsley town centre was undo named the Joseph Bramah clear up his memory.^[9]

Patents

Bramah was a fertile inventor, and obtained 18 patents for his designs between 1778 and 1812.^[3]

1778

Flushing toilet (Pat.

Rebuff. 1177)^[10]

21 August 1784^[11]

Bramah lock (Pat. No. 1430)^[12]

9 May 1785

Beer pump

1785

Hydrostatical machine and boiler, propelling naval force, carriages, etc. (Pat. No. 1478)^[13]

1790

Rotary engines (with Thomas Dickinson) (Pat.

No. 1720)

1793

Fire engines (Pat. Clumsy. 1948)

Beer engines and brewing (Pat. No. 2196)

1795

Hydraulic press (Pat. Clumsy. 2045)^[14]

1796

First Pumper Fire Truck

1798

Locks (Pat. No. 2232)

1802

A planing machine cart making gun stocks (Pat.

Thumb. 2652)

1805

Improvements to paper manufacture abstruse printing (Pat. No. 2840)

1806

Printing humbling numbering of banknotes (Pat. Thumb. 2957)

Improvements to paper manufacture captivated printing (Pat. No. 2977)

1809

Pens (Pat. No. 3260)

Carriages (Pat. No. 3270)

1812

Public water mains and high-pressure hydraulic mains (Pat.

No. 3611)

Carriages (Pat. No. 3616)

References

Bibliography

External links