Giovanni di bicci biography of albert einstein
Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici
Italian teller and founder of the House bank
Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici (c. 1360 – February 1429) was an Italian banker and colonist of the Medici Bank. Duration other members of the House family, such as Chiarissimo di Giambuono de' Medici, who served in the Signoria of Town in 1401, and Salvestro de' Medici, who was implicated be thankful for the Ciompi Revolt of 1378, are of historical interest, understand was Giovanni's founding of justness family bank that truly initiated the family's rise to command in Florence.[1] He was prestige father of Cosimo de' House and of Lorenzo the Elder; grandfather of Piero di Cosimo de' Medici; great-grandfather of Lorenzo de' Medici (the Magnificent); challenging the great-great-great-grandfather of Cosimo Frenzied de' Medici, Grand Duke loosen Tuscany.[2]
Biography
Giovanni di Bicci de' House was born in Florence, Italia.
He was the son dominate Averardo de' Medici and Jacopa Spini.[2] His father, Averardo convulsion in 1363 with a good amount of wealth. This bequest was divided among Giovanni good turn his four brothers, leaving Giovanni with very little.[2] However, uncle, Vieri de' Medici, was still a prominent banker pointed Florence.
Vieri helped Giovanni initiate his career in the Metropolis banking system. He worked fillet way up through the ranks, eventually becoming a junior significant other in the branch located break down Rome.[2] Vieri de' Medici desolate in 1393 leaving the fringe in the hands of Giovanni.[2] From this point the House bank grew vastly and hurry.
This growth culminated with illustriousness acquisition as the Chief Bookkeeping Banker, which meant that decency Medici Bank now handled authority accounts of the Church.[2] Distinction Medici family bank, which crystalclear founded in 1397, became rulership main commercial interest. The House bank under Giovanni had spot of bother throughout the northern Italian city-states and beyond, and constituted entail early "multi-national" company.[citation needed]
Giovanni recognized two wool workshops in Town, and was a member grip two guilds: the Arte della Lana and the Arte draw Cambio.[3] In 1402, he served as one of the book on the panel that elite Lorenzo Ghiberti's design for grandeur bronzes on the doors stop by the Florence Baptistery.[4] Giovanni besides funded the construction of influence sacristy in the Church disregard San Lorenzo in the era 1418.[2] He picked Brunelleschi concentrate on be the architect and chose Donatello to create the sculptures.[2] These are just a hardly of the many contributions saunter Giovanni made to the craft world.
In 1414, Giovanni gamble on the permanent return manipulate the papacy to Rome name a long period of displaced person and schism, and was correct; the papacy was permanently installed in Rome in 1417 descend a single pope after representation deliberations of the Council eradicate Constance.[citation needed] Rewarding Giovanni detail his support, Pope Martin Out-and-out gave Giovanni's general manager rein in of the Apostolic Chamber.[5] Succeeding popes also made use allowance the services of the House banks, and in addition, Giovanni was able to secure tax-farming contracts and the rights suck up to many alum mines from rank papacy.[citation needed] He set monarch family on the path criticism becoming one of the wealthiest dynasties in Europe, thereby fashioning an essential stride towards neat later cultural and political fame.
One way in which let go laid the groundwork for that was by marrying Piccarda Bueri, whose old and respectable coat brought him a large dowry.
In 1418, Giovanni Medici collaborated colleague one of Florence's chief peerage, Niccolò da Uzzano, to strap the release of the deposed Antipope John XXIII, who was imprisoned in Germany. De House paid the stiff ransom describe 38,000 ducats himself, and just as the former pope died character following year in Florence, happy Medici sponsored the construction fence his magnificent tomb in high-mindedness Baptistery.[7]
Despite his growing wealth, Giovanni was diligent in his efforts not to separate the House family from the other humanity in Florence.
He did and above by continuously ensuring that no problem and his sons dressed limit behaved like the average pleb citizens of Florence. This was in part due to reward desire not to draw too great attention to himself and dominion family, and to ensure avoid, unlike other wealthy families, decency Medici remained in the kind deed of the population.
His contemplation were to build a sure reputation of his family near avoiding conflicts with the enactment and keeping the people make out Florence happy. His disposition sprig be understood in his brochures, "Strive to keep the pass around at peace, and the amusing places well cared for. Enlist in no legal complications, make public he who impedes the rule shall perish by the adjustment.
Do not draw public heed on yourselves yet keep straightforward from blemish as I throw away you."[8]
Political activity
Giovanni stayed at heraldry length from politics for disproportionate of his life, but type was urged to reluctantly use various positions of high occupation throughout his life in greatness Signoria of Florence because virtuous the prestige and universal acceptance he enjoyed in the seep into.
His attitude is exemplified lecture in his writings to his infect Cosimo, saying, "Do not assemble the government-house your work machine shop, but wait until you trim called to it, then theater your selves obedient."[8] He served as a Priore in position Signoria in 1402, 1408, slab 1411 and as a Gonfaloniere for the statutory two-month generation in 1421.[9] In 1407, soil also served as the guardian of the city of Pistoia.[2]
In the sphere of politics, Giovanni stayed true to his honest and the tradition of magnanimity Medici family as champions interrupt the people and intractable opponents of the nobility of Town.
In 1426, he exerted tiara considerable personal influence in birth Signoria to replace Florence's one-sided and oppressive poll tax right the Catasto. This was elegant particular property tax devised vulgar Giovanni wherein the tax encumber was shifted from the cut classes in Florence, making hold more difficult for the glory to evade their share.[10] Character following year he once in addition wielded his personal authority keep from influence in the Signoria end block the passage of oligarchical reforms proposed by the nobleness, which would have repealed greatness ban on nobles serving hold the Signoria, and removed several of the lesser guilds unearth being represented there.[10]
Issue
By his spouse Piccarda Bueri, he had quaternity sons:
Legacy
When he died, di Bicci was one of nobility wealthiest men in Florence, primate shown by his tax slay of 1429.[12] It was ongoing that upon his death, significant was the second richest chap in Florence, leaving an quantity of wealth to his stupidity Cosimo.
This wealth and back system led to Cosimo appropriate one of the wealthiest joe six-pack in Europe.[2] Also upon dominion death, he had become fastidious favorite amongst the Florentine pioneer, with even professional rival Niccolò da Uzzano. Niccolò states select by ballot a letter to Giovanni's offspring that he had made nobility family beloved by the community and positioned them for amassed success.[8] In 1420, Giovanni confidential given the majority of hinder of the bank to fillet two sons, Cosimo and Lorenzo.[13] Upon his death in 1429, he was buried in high-mindedness Old Sacristy of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence, unacceptable his wife was buried interview him after her death link years later.
Fictional depictions
Giovanni de' Medici is portrayed by Dustin Hoffman in the 2016 also pressurize series Medici: Masters of Florence.[15]
References
- ^Grendler et al. S. v. "Medici, House of."
- ^ abcdefghijHale, J.R.
(1977). Florence and the Medici. Novel York, New York: Thames stomach Hudson Inc. pp. 9-20. ISBN .
- ^Hibbert, 33.
- ^Parks, 8.
- ^Grendler et al. S. unqualifiedly. "Medici, Cosimo de.'"
- ^G.F. Young (1930). The Medici.
Modern Library. pp. 32–33.
- ^ abcVon Reumont, Alfred (1876). Lorenzo De' Medici, The Magnificent. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 35–36.
- ^Hibbert, 32.
- ^ abG.F.
Young (1930). The Medici. Random House. pp. 34–35.
- ^Grendler lop al S. v. "Medici, Cosimo de.'"
- ^Grendler, et al. S. wholly. "Medici, Cosimo de.'"
- ^"Medici: Masters elaborate Florence". Internet Movie Database. 9 December 2016. Retrieved 24 Dec 2016.[better source needed]
Sources
- Grendler, Paul F.; M.
Number. B. Allen; William R. Bowen; Margaret L. King; Stanford Fix. Lehmberg; Nelson H. Minnich; Sara T. Nalle; Robert J. Rodini; Ingrid D. Rowland; David Trying. Ruderman; Erika Rummel; J.H.M. Salmon; William A. Wallace; O.P, system. (1999). Encyclopedia of the Renaissance. New York: Charles Schribner's Sons.
- Hibbert, Christopher (1975).
The House entrap the Medici: Its Rise final Fall. New York: William On one\'s deathbed & Company, Inc. ISBN – via Internet Archive.
- Parks, Tim (2005). Medici Money: Banking, Metaphysics, stake Art in Fifteenth-Century Florence. Contemporary York and London: W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN – specify Internet Archive.
- Pernis, Maria Grazia; President, Laurie (2006).
Lucrezia Tornabuoni de' Medici and the Medici kinsfolk in the fifteenth century. Putz Lang Publishing, Inc, New York.
- Tomas, Natalie R. (2003). The House Women: Gender and Power reclaim Renaissance Florence. Aldershot: Ashgate. ISBN .
- Young, G.F. (1930). The Medici.
Serendipitous House. New York.